In recent years, we have witnessed an alarming increase in wildfires around the world, and Brazil, unfortunately, has been one of the most affected countries. Global warming, along with deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices, is contributing to making these environmental tragedies more frequent. But what is behind this reality? And how can we address it?
The Role of Global Warming
Global warming, driven by the increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), is altering the planet's climate. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and polluting industries are the main sources of these emissions. As global temperatures rise, climate patterns are drastically changing, causing prolonged droughts, heatwaves, and irregular rainfall—ideal conditions for wildfires in many parts of the world, especially in Brazil.
Fires in Brazil: The Current Scenario
In 2024, Brazil set a record for wildfires. By September 21st, according to data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), 198,070 fire outbreaks had been recorded across the country. This number reveals a concerning worsening of the situation. The most affected regions are the North (Amazon) and Central-West (Cerrado), which together account for 82.9% of all fires recorded. These biomes play essential roles in regulating the climate and preserving biodiversity, making their devastation a global risk.
Impact on the North and Central-West Regions
The Amazon, known for its ability to absorb CO2, is one of the main defenses against global warming. When its trees burn, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, further contributing to the rise in global temperatures. Additionally, the destruction of the forest results in irreversible losses to biodiversity and ecological balance.
The Cerrado, on the other hand, is vital to Brazil's water cycle, housing springs that feed some of the largest river basins in South America. Fires in this region not only threaten the unique biodiversity of the biome but also compromise the country's water supply, which could lead to future water crises.
Human Causes and Aggravating Factors
In addition to climate change, much of the fires are directly caused by human activities. Illegal deforestation and the use of fire to expand areas for cultivation and livestock are common practices, despite the evident environmental damage.
The lack of effective enforcement and economic pressure for more land exacerbate this scenario. Although the use of fire is a traditional practice in rural areas, the current context of global warming and environmental degradation multiplies the risks and consequences, creating a cycle of destruction that feeds on itself, making it harder to control and recover the affected areas.